Chalk Underground in Chełm

The chalk underground in Chełm is a unique historic chalk mine, representing an exceptional example of chalk mining in Europe. Located beneath the city, the network of tunnels and chambers was formed through centuries of extraction of writing chalk, with mining activities beginning in the 13th century. The mine contributed significantly to the economic development of the region, and its deposits were used in construction, ceramics, and the dyeing industry. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the underground system was particularly well-developed, with approximately 80% of houses in the city center having direct access to the tunnels. Over time, the tunnels were interconnected, forming a labyrinth estimated to be 40 km long, reaching depths of over 20 meters, and also serving as a shelter during wars and raids. In addition to mining aspects, the underground was a place where unique mining techniques and safety measures were developed. In the 19th century, city authorities completely banned chalk extraction due to safety concerns for the residents of Chełm. In later years, including 1936 and the 1960s, research and reinforcement works were carried out following construction-related incidents. In 1995, the complex was entered into the register of historical monuments. Today, tourism in the underground attracts visitors thanks to its constant temperature of +9°C and exhibitions related to the history of chalk mining. The 2 km-long tourist route runs through the central part of the old town, offering diverse archaeological displays and the chance to encounter the ghost of Bieluch. Another interesting feature is the 18th-century brick mining support leading to a restaurant, adding to the appeal of this remarkable site.