Modlin Fortress

Modlin Fortress, formerly known as Novogeorgievsk, is one of the largest and best-preserved fortresses in Poland, located in Masovia at the confluence of the Vistula, Narew, and Wkra rivers, approximately 30 km northwest of Warsaw. The structure was built starting in 1806 on the orders of Napoleon I and was expanded multiple times, witnessing numerous historical events, including four major defensive actions: in 1813, 1831, 1915, and 1939. The fortress features elements of military architecture from various styles, including French, Russian, and Polish. Its structure comprises a citadel and inner and outer rings of forts, some of which were constructed in the 19th century according to the modern standards of the time. It is worth noting that the fortress is home to the longest building in Europe—a military barracks stretching 2,250 meters. Throughout its history, Modlin Fortress served various functions: initially as a defensive stronghold in wars, later as a garrison, storage facility, and a testing ground for experimental defensive solutions after Poland regained independence in 1918. Over the years, it hosted numerous armies, including French, Russian, and German forces, which conducted military operations within its walls. During World War II, the fortress was converted into a transit camp and a concentration camp by the Germans, where approximately 20,000 people lost their lives. After the war, it was used by the Polish Army. Today, it remains partially abandoned but also attracts tourists. Modlin is a place rich in history and interesting architecture, also popular in culture, as many well-known Polish films and series, such as "C.K. Dezerterzy" and "Pan Tadeusz," were filmed within its walls. Currently, the fortress is a site for historical reenactments and cultural events. It is also worth noting that in 2008, the fortress was sold, and plans for its adaptation include preserving its historical elements. In the wake of the outbreak of the war in Ukraine in 2022, part of the fortress was repurposed as a aid center for refugees. The remarkable history of Modlin Fortress reflects both human dramas and architectural heritage, attracting tourists and history enthusiasts today.