Podgórzyńskie Ponds

Podgórzyńskie Ponds are an extensive complex of fish ponds located in the Jelenia Góra Valley, on the edge of the Karkonosze Mountains in southwestern Poland. They are the oldest and highest-altitude aquaculture ponds in Europe, covering a total area of approximately 106 hectares and consisting of 22 ponds. This complex has a rich history dating back to the 15th century when it was established by the Cistercians from Cieplice. In the 18th century, the ponds were expanded and enlarged, originally forming 67 bodies of water. In 2011, after a process of consolidation and privatization, the number of ponds was reduced to 22. Historically, the complex was owned by the Schaffgotsch family, who were influential in Silesia. The ponds not only served aquaculture purposes but also had transportation significance; in 1911, a tram line was built along the dike between the ponds, which operated until 1964. Podgórzyńskie Ponds also serve as a refuge for numerous species of water and marsh birds, including the great crested grebe, grey heron, various species of ducks, and birds of prey such as the common buzzard and sparrowhawk. Due to their location on the edge of the Jelenia Góra Valley, the ponds are an important stopover for migratory birds during their journeys. Interestingly, rare species such as the peregrine falcon and osprey can be spotted in the area. It is also worth noting that the ponds are fed by the waters of the Wrzosówka, Podgórna, and Czerwonka rivers, and their mountainous location, at an altitude of 350–370 meters above sea level, contributes to the unique flora and fauna of the region. Thanks to peat substrates and diverse habitats, the ponds serve as a breeding ground for many birds, making them a valuable natural area and an attractive destination for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.