Three Crosses Square in Warsaw

Three Crosses Square in Warsaw is a key point on the Royal Route, located in the city center, and has been taking shape since the 18th century. Its history dates back to a junction of ancient routes, and the first crosses were erected there around 1725, marking the beginning of the Calvary Way. During Warsaw's development, the square was known by various names, including Three Golden Crosses, and its current name was adopted in 1919. Over the years, the square underwent numerous transformations—from a marketplace in the 18th century to urban redevelopment in the 20th century. In 1922, it was the site of political clashes, and during World War II, the threats of war and occupation affected its buildings and functions. After the war, the square witnessed reconstruction that changed its landscape, including the rebuilding of St. Alexander's Church. The architecture surrounding the square is noteworthy, blending various styles from classicism (St. Alexander's Church, Institute for the Deaf) to modernism represented by the Holland Park office building. The square has been a venue for numerous cultural, social, and political events. Various historical points are associated with figures such as King Augustus II and Marshal Franciszek Bieliński, as well as events like the Warsaw Uprising. Contemporary culture has also left its mark on the square, with popular meeting spots and connections to literature, such as Leopold Tyrmand's novel *Zły* ("The Man with White Eyes"). During the communist era, Three Crosses Square became a meeting place for gay men and served as a backdrop for many Polish films. Its history has been commemorated through various memorials, including plaques dedicated to the people who lived and struggled there, such as the young cigarette sellers during World War II. Modern architectural changes, such as green spaces and new amenities, reflect its dynamic development and continued role as an important site in Warsaw.