Crown Treasury at Wawel

The Crown Treasury, located in Wawel Royal Castle, is a cultural institution that houses the monarchical regalia associated with the ruling dynasties of Poland. Its history dates back to the coronation of Bolesław the Brave in 1025, when royal ceremonies were first organized. Although the early regalia did not survive, many unique items, such as the Holy Lance of Saint Maurice, have endured to this day. After the coronation ceremonies were moved to Kraków by Władysław I the Elbow-high in 1320, the Treasury began to accumulate more jewels and regalia, including those used by Queen Jadwiga and Władysław Jagiełło. In 1475, the oldest inventory of the Treasury was compiled, listing crowns, scepters, and the coronation sword, among other items. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Treasury gained the status of a state institution and became separate from the private resources of the monarchs. Its contents significantly increased after the death of the last Jagiellon, Sigismund II Augustus, in 1572, but over time, it was depleted due to the use of valuable items by successive rulers. In the 18th century, the Treasury was housed in three guarded rooms, and its contents were accessible only under strict supervision, as evidenced by the multiple keys required to open the doors. In 1795, the treasury was looted by the Prussians, resulting in the loss of the most valuable regalia, including the crown of Bolesław the Brave. Despite attempts to reconstruct the Treasury in the 20th century, many precious items never returned to their place. After the war, some artifacts were returned to Poland, allowing for the creation of a new exhibition showcasing high-quality goldsmithing and treasures from Poland's past. The Crown Treasury is thus not only a witness to Polish history but also plays an important role in its cultural heritage.