Kaleidoscope

A kaleidoscope is an optical device that uses multiple reflections of colorful glass pieces in precisely arranged mirrors to create symmetrical patterns that change when rotated. Typically, two mirrors are set at angles of 22.5, 30, or 45 degrees, or three mirrors are arranged in the shape of an equilateral prism, allowing the formation of various polygonal shapes or hexagonal patterns. It is advisable to use silvered mirrors to avoid image quality degradation, which can occur with standard double-sided glass mirrors. The kaleidoscope was invented by Scottish scientist David Brewster in 1816 during his research on light polarization and patented in 1817. Initially serving scientific purposes, it quickly gained popularity as a toy. The history of the kaleidoscope illustrates the evolution of scientific instruments into everyday objects, demonstrating how science influences culture and entertainment. Interestingly, kaleidoscopes can serve as inspiration in architecture and art, showcasing how mathematical principles of symmetry and color can create unique visual experiences.