Makemake

Makemake is one of the larger trans-Neptunian objects, with a diameter of approximately 1,500 km and a high albedo of 0.8, making it the third largest and brightest object in this category. As a dwarf planet with an absolute magnitude of about -0.21m, it can be observed with large amateur telescopes. There are various estimates regarding its rotation period, which ranges from 7.77 to 22.83 hours. The surface temperature varies between 29 K and 34 K, and its surface is covered with methane grains approximately 1 cm in size. Unlike similar objects, Makemake has a small amount of nitrogen, a phenomenon that has not yet been explained. A stellar occultation in 2012 confirmed that the object lacks a global atmosphere and has a shape resembling a flattened ellipsoid. In 2016, Makemake's first moon, designated S/2015 (136472) 1, was discovered, orbiting at a distance of about 20,000 km. Makemake was discovered in 2005 and was initially named 2005 FY9; its current name comes from the god in the beliefs of the inhabitants of Easter Island. Its diameter is about 60% that of Pluto, and its surface is most likely covered with methane and ethane ice, giving it a reddish color. Makemake's orbit is inclined at 29° to the ecliptic plane and has an orbital period of about 305 years. It is currently moving away from the Sun at a distance of 52.7 AU. It is worth noting that it is approaching its orbital aphelion, which it will reach in the years 2033–2034.