Main Square in Krakow

Kraków's Main Market Square, established under Magdeburg Law on June 5, 1257, is the city's largest square and one of the biggest medieval market squares in Europe. It has a regular, square shape measuring 200x200 meters. It is surrounded by numerous historic townhouses, palaces, and important landmarks, including St. Mary's Basilica, the Cloth Hall, and the Town Hall Tower. The square hosts recurring events such as the International Military Tattoo, the Grand Finale of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity, the Court Dances Festival, Christmas and Easter markets, and the Dragon Parade. Its history is rich, with many legends, like those of the Hejnał or Twardowski, associated with it. It is worth noting that the Main Market Square witnessed many significant historical events, including the Prussian Homage by Duke Albert Hohenzollern in 1525 and Tadeusz Kościuszko’s oath in 1794, which initiated the uprising. Today, the square attracts tourists and locals alike, offering a variety of cultural experiences, including museums, restaurants, cafes, and shops selling luxury goods. The square also features plaques commemorating important events, such as Poland's accession to the European Union and the Kościuszko Uprising. The Underground of the Main Market Square, opened in 2010, houses a mini archaeological museum, further expanding the tourist attractions of this site. The Main Market Square, also an important transport hub, was closed to car traffic in 1979, which contributed to its increased appeal and safety. It is also worth mentioning the nearby so-called Rich Stalls and the significant influence the square has had on the development of trade, culture, and architecture in Kraków over the centuries.